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Characteristics of Automotive Plastic Parts
Release Date:
2024/12/09
1. Advantages of Automotive Plastic Parts
(1) Lightweight
One of the outstanding advantages of polymer automotive materials is their lightweight and high-strength properties. Because the average specific gravity of various plastics is only 15-20% of that of ordinary steel, it is also lighter than ordinary wood. This characteristic is particularly advantageous for high-end large sedans, as it can significantly reduce the vehicle's weight.
(2) Excellent Comprehensive Physical and Chemical Properties
Another advantage of polymer automotive materials is their multi-functionality, allowing them to be used in special situations. Plastics have good insulation properties, excellent corrosion resistance, aging resistance, good wear and scrub resistance, good waterproof and mechanical properties, and good bonding properties. They can be processed into various automotive interior and exterior parts with diverse performance and functional requirements.
(3) Excellent Decorative Effect
A prominent advantage of polymer automotive materials is their excellent decorative effect. They can be processed into products with complex shapes and various colors. Sometimes printing, film pasting, embossing, layering, and coloring are also needed to create highly realistic images, patterns, and designs. They can imitate the textures of natural wood, metal, and animal hides, and can also be gilded, film-pasted, silver-plated, or inlaid on the surface.
(4) Good Processing Properties
Due to the plasticity of polymer automotive materials and their good compatibility with other materials, various material components can be used with various modern molding machines. Extrusion, injection molding, calendering, molding, and blow molding methods can be used to process polymer automotive materials with various shapes, properties, colors, and functions, such as directly extruding pipes, profiles, and sheets; injection molding various shaped products; calendering processing into films; etc. They can also be made into various colors, layered, hollow, embedded parts, and other products according to needs. They can also undergo secondary processing such as mechanical machining, cutting, shearing, welding, hot melting, cold sawing, and composite processing.
2. Disadvantages
(1) Poor Heat Resistance:
Poor high-temperature performance is another major disadvantage of polymer automotive materials. Most thermoplastic polymer automotive materials have a working temperature below 80 degrees Celsius. Above this temperature, thermal deformation often occurs, causing the polymer material to lose its original shape and structure, and its properties will also change significantly.
(2) Poor Rigidity:
Polymer building materials have good plasticity, but their rigidity is poor. Therefore, they cannot be used where a large load-bearing capacity is required or as main load-bearing structural components, otherwise, insufficient rigidity may cause instability and other damage. In addition, their deformation resistance is not as good as traditional materials made from natural materials.
(3) Combustibility:
Compared to steel, another disadvantage of plastics is their combustibility. Plastics can be divided into two categories: non-combustible and combustible. However, due to the function of plastic formula combination and modification, combustible plastics can be modified by adding flame retardants and non-combustible fillers to the formula, making them flame-retardant or non-combustible plastics for safe use.
(4) Poor Freeze Resistance:
Many plastics have cold brittleness, mainly manifested in the fact that when plastic parts are used in winter, impact is particularly prone to cause impact damage. Due to this reason, the application of many plastics in low-temperature environments has been limited. This disadvantage of thermoplastics can currently be improved by adding other materials or additives to the raw materials to modify the formula, improving its low-temperature impact strength.
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